Dimensions Of Social Identity Research Articles

The effect of collectivism-oriented human resource management on employee resilience of hospitality employees

IntroductionIn the face of an increasingly challenging and rapidly evolving business environment, not all the employees exhibit the requisite resilience necessary to recover from adversity. From both the individual and organizational perspectives, enhancing employee resilience emerges as a critical issue not only in the practical and academic fields. In the Chinese culture, this research aims to investigate how and why collectivism-oriented human resource management (C-HRM) fosters employee resilience. Drawing on the group engagement model, we propose a serial mediating effect of perceived overall fairness and three dimensions of social identity between C-HRM and employee resilience.MethodsUsing a sample of frontline employees in the hospitality industry, we conducted a field survey among 342 employees (study 1) and a two-wave online survey among 294 hospitality employees (study 2).ResultsFindings from empirical analysis indicated that C-HRM significantly increases overall fairness perception of hospitality frontline employees and in turn, their identification and respect, which further fertilize employee resilience. In addition, the indirect effect of C-HRM on employee resilience through perceived overall fairness and pride was not statistically significant.DiscussionThese important findings are expected to help employees cope with the workplace pressures caused by ongoing challenges and change, and contribute to sustainable career development.

Platformization of Inequality: Gender and Race in Digital Labor Platforms

We contribute empirical and conceptual insights regarding the roles of digital labor platforms in online freelancing, focusing attention to social identities such as gender, race, ethnicity, and occupation. Findings highlight how digital labor platforms reinforce and exacerbate identity-based stereotypes, bias and expectations in online freelance work. We focus on online freelancing as this form of working arrangement is becoming more prevalent. Online freelancing also relies on the market-making power of digital platforms to create an online labor market. Many see this as one likely future of work with less bias. Others worry that labor platforms' market power allows them to embed known biases into new working arrangements: a platformization of inequality. Drawing on data from 108 online freelancers, we discuss six findings: 1) female freelance work is undervalued; 2) gendered occupational expectations; 3) gendered treatment; 4) shared expectations of differential values; 5) racial stereotypes and expectations; and 6) race and ethnicity as an asset. We discuss the role of design in the platformization and visibility of social identity dimensions, and the implications of the reinforced identity perceptions and marginalization in digital labor platforms.

The normative permissiveness of political partyism

Political party identity has become one of the strongest social divides within many Western societies. This paper employs experiments to measure discrimination along different dimensions of social identity, and replicates previous findings showing the strongest discrimination against out-groups occurs in the political party domain. Moreover, we explore a possible explanation for this phenomenon based on social norms. We measure the social appropriateness of discrimination along each identity dimension. The ranking of dimensions by discrimination against out-groups reflects the extent to which such behaviour is normatively permissible, with the weakest anti-discrimination norms on the political party dimension. Results are qualitatively similar in two European countries. We argue that, while strong norms sanctioning discrimination on other dimensions have developed historically, no such process has taken place concerning party affiliation, bringing partisan identity to the fore and helping polarisation flourish.

Applying an Intersectionality Approach to Multiple Dimensions of Social Life

This study aims to identify various research studies on multiple dimensions of social life that employ an intersectionality approach. The approach is a framework that recognizes the multiple dimensions of social identity and how they intersect and influence experiences of discrimination, privilege, and marginalization. Using literature studies from various research databases and employing specific keywords, four dimensions of social life have been identified as dominant themes in research applying the intersectionality approach, namely education, healthcare, politics, and workplace. In the domain of education, the article discusses how an intersectionality approach can help to understand how multiple identities, such as race, gender, and class, intersect to influence educational experiences and outcomes. The article also examines the impact of intersectionality on access to healthcare, highlighting how multiple identities can affect access to care, treatment outcomes, and experiences of discrimination. In politics, the article discusses how an intersectionality approach can help understand marginalized groups' experiences in political processes and systems. The article also examines how intersectionality can influence workplace experiences and opportunities for advancement. The article argues that an intersectionality approach can help to identify and address systemic inequalities and promote greater equality and diversity in multiple dimensions of social life. The article highlights the importance of applying an intersectionality approach in understanding the complex ways social identities intersect and shape experiences of discrimination, privilege, and marginalization.

Validation of the Adolescent Social Identity Measure: Adolescents’ Perception of Themselves in a Social Context

<p style="text-align:justify">Social identity is an important social determinant of student outcomes such as mental health and well-being. Currently, no validated social identity measures exist for adolescents in secondary school settings. A new ‘Adolescent Social Identity’ measure was developed by adapting two social identity dimensions from a validated reputation enhancement scale. The Social Identity Measure comprises two scales of 10 items each to measure how adolescents think their peers view them (e.g., reputational status) in terms of their conforming and nonconforming behaviour (Self-perception of Public Self) and how adolescents would ideally like to be viewed (Ideal Public Self) by peers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted along with assessments of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. Conforming and Nonconforming subscales for both scales were shown to be reliable, valid, and invariant across age and gender groupings. There were significant but small differences in the latent means for gender.</p>

The application of intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) to examine birthweight inequities in New York City.

Exploring the intersection of dimensions of social identity is critical for understanding drivers of health inequities. We used multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) to examine the intersection of age, race/ethnicity, education, and nativity status on infant birthweight among singleton births in New York City from 2012 to 2018 (N=725,875). We found evidence of intersectional effects of various systems of oppression on birthweight inequities and identified U.S.-born Black women as having infants of lower-than-expected birthweights. The MAIHDA approach should be used to identify intersectional causes of health inequities and individuals affected most to develop policies and interventions redressing inequities.

Encouraging Togetherness During a National Lockdown: The Influence of Relationship-Oriented Personal-Disclosure Mutual-Sharing on Team Functioning in Academy Soccer Coaches

The present study examined the influence of an online relationship-oriented personal-disclosure mutual-sharing (ROPDMS) intervention upon diverse measures of group functioning during a national lockdown. Twelve soccer coaches and one senior member of staff from a professional female soccer academy participated by openly disclosing and sharing unknown personal stories with one another. Social identity dimensions (in-group ties, cognitive centrality, and in-group affect), friendship identity content, social support, self-esteem, and a nonequivalent dependent variable were measured across four time points, while social validation was obtained immediately and 4 weeks after ROPDMS. Quantitative data revealed significant increases for in-group ties, cognitive centrality, and friendship identity content after ROPDMS, while the nonequivalent dependent variable did not significantly change. Qualitative data revealed that the coaching staff felt the session was worthwhile and enhanced aspects of team functioning. Online ROPDMS therefore appears to be a viable team-building method for practitioners seeking to strengthen social identity dimensions and friendship identity content during a national lockdown.

The role of fear, closeness, and norms in shaping help towards war refugees

The paper investigates the psychological factors associated with the unprecedented assistance that Poles have offered refugees from Ukraine since the outset of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Building on social identity theory, and examining the current social context in Poland, we focus on three social identity dimensions, i.e., a feeling of closeness towards refugees from Ukraine, anticipatory fears (of a Russian invasion), and a community norm of helping. These three dimensions predict collective helping resulting from a sense of a common fate and a feeling of togetherness with Ukrainians. We tested this hypothesis in a study (N = 1066) conducted between 11 and 17 March 2022. Participants were asked about their helping activities during the previous week; they also responded to questions on different measures of social identity processes. The results support our expectations, revealing that closeness, anticipatory fears, and social norms are associated with two forms of help: benevolent and activist. The results of the study contribute to the discussion on social identity processes underlying offers of help to people fleeing from war-zones. Thus, they enhance our understanding of the role of citizens in terms of their contribution to helping refugees, and can be used to improve responses to other humanitarian crises.

The (conceptions of) European identity of pupils in the border region of Rhineland-Palatinate

Do you identify with Europe, and if so, why? 248 lower secondary school students answered this question in a survey conducted in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The area is part of the so-called Greater Region, which is a cross-border region between Germany, France, Luxemburg and Belgium with the possibility of a transnational everyday-life. The aim of the article is to give space to the pupils’ perspectives on their felt identity as well as to reflect on the importance of the border region for their justification of identifying with Europe. The justifications of the students offer a new perspective: the patterns of reasoning not only indicate different reasons for identity, but also a variety of conceptions of Europe, and refer to different levels and dimensions of social identity. While no correlation between proximity to the border and their identification with Europe could be found, individual practices, such as crossing the border freely, were students’ preferred justification for European identity. Because the students were capable of independently arguing their position on European identity, this article suggests to treat European identity as a topic in school giving students the opportunity to reflect on the contested nature of Europe and European identity in class.

Distinctive negative reactions to intermediate social groups

AbstractAlthough considerable research has examined how members of advantaged groups think and feel about disadvantaged groups, fewer studies have examined responses to “intermediate” social groups—groups that are perceived to fall between more commonly acknowledged groups on the same dimension of social identity. We measured judgments of intermediate groups, including novel groups designed to manipulate social group intermediacy (Studies 1–5), Black/White biracial people (Study 6), and bisexual people (Study 7). In each study, participants provided separate evaluations of an intermediate group and two comparison groups (e.g., Black/White biracial people, Black people, White people). Intermediate groups were consistently rated as less conceptually legitimate (e.g., less distinctive, not a “real” group) than other groups. The view that intermediate groups are not “real” groups helped explain negative evaluations of them, and participants who strongly identified with an advantaged ingroup were especially prone to this pattern of judgments. These results are consistent with the idea that an intermediate group can threaten the distinctiveness of a valued ingroup, leading people to dismiss and denigrate the intermediate group. Studying perceptions of intermediate groups facilitates a nuanced account of an increasingly heterogeneous social world.

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES IN ALLOSTATIC LOAD TRAJECTORIES ACROSS ADULTHOOD

Abstract Chronic psychosocial stress has been indicated as a potentially important driver of U.S. health disparities. Allostatic load (AL) is an indicator of cumulative biological risk or “wear and tear” on the body resulting from repeated adaptations to life stressors. A population-level examination of AL may be particularly useful in understanding the intermediate physiological dysregulation that underlies social inequalities in health. No study has yet documented changes in allostatic load over a wide range of ages and intersecting sociodemographic groups. To address this gap, we pooled biomarker data from three U.S. longitudinal cohort studies (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Midlife Development in the U.S., and the Health and Retirement Survey) to create an integrated dataset covering individuals ages 24 to over 95 from several birth cohorts. We conducted growth curve models to examine associations of AL trajectories with cohort and multiple dimensions of social identity. We found more recently born cohorts were associated with higher mean levels in AL as compared to earlier-born cohorts. Net of cohort, education, and other covariates, Black men and women and Hispanic men had significantly higher AL than their White counterparts. These differences were present in early adulthood and persisted at all ages. Hispanic women experienced the largest increases in AL with age, surpassing nearly all other groups at older ages. These findings contribute new knowledge about the temporal dynamics and social patterning of AL as individuals age, particularly intersecting stress exposures as an underlying and enduring source of health inequity.

Social Identity Dimensions as Drivers of Consumer Engagement in Social Media Sports Club

Consumer engagement is defined as a multidimensional concept in this study via the identification of members of a sports club social network and consumer identification with a sports club brand on social networks. Hence, the study focuses on sports clubs that engage with their customers through social media. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual and theoretical understanding of consumer engagement, particularly among sports teams that employ interactive platforms to establish relationships with customers. Furthermore, in order to better comprehend the interaction between consumer and brand, this research approaches customer identification as consisted of two distinct constructs. Consumer identification with members of a sports club social network is separated from customer identification with a sports club brand. Research results point out that the consumer identification with members of the sports club’s social network and consumer identification with the sports club’s brand are positively related to consumer engagement. Furthermore, the value creation process is enhanced if the sport club approaches separately different dimensions of customer engagement in the social networks of the sports club.

Complicating Narratives of Sexual Minority Mental Health: An Intersectional Analysis of Frequent Mental Distress at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Race/Ethnicity

Purpose: Research indicates that sexual minority populations experience mental health inequities. However, few studies have examined mental health outcomes in sexual minority populations while including intersecting dimensions of social identity. This study had two objectives: (1) to quantify the prevalence of frequent mental distress among U.S. adults across intersecting social identity categories and (2) to evaluate the contribution of intersectional interactions to observed inequities. Methods: Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2014-2019 (N = 1,024,261), we performed an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (I-MAIHDA). Participants were nested in 45 intersectional groups defined by combining 3 sexual orientation (gay/lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual), 5 gender identity (transgender women, transgender men, gender nonconforming, cisgender women, and cisgender men), and 3 racial/ethnic (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and non-Hispanic White) categories. We estimated the predicted probability of frequent mental distress for each stratum. We then calculated the variance partition coefficient (VPC) and proportional change in variance (PCV). Results: We found that multiply marginalized groups tended to have the highest prevalence of frequent mental distress. Groups with racial/ethnic minority individuals were equally represented among low- and high-prevalence groups. The VPC indicated that slightly over 10% of observed variance in prevalence was attributable to group-level differences, while the PCV revealed that a small but meaningful amount of observed heterogeneity in prevalence was due to intersectional interactions between the dimensions of social identity. Conclusion: I-MAIHDA is a promising method for examining the patterning of sexual orientation-based mental health inequities at the population level.

Embracing challenging complexity: exploring handwashing behavior from a combined socioecological and intersectional perspective in Sierra Leone

BackgroundHandwashing with soap is a cost-effective, efficient health behavior to prevent various diseases. Despite its immense health benefits, the lowest prevalence of handwashing is found in low-income countries. Here, its practice is not only determined by individual behavior, but also heavily shaped by deprivations in the social and structural ecology. Moreover, handwashing barriers are not equally experienced as overlapping social identities (e.g., age and gender) intersect and create inequities between members of different social groups. To embrace the complexities of handwashing beyond individual-level behavior and singular social identities, a combined socioecological and intersectional perspective is employed. This multi-level approach with regards to intersecting privileges and disadvantages serves as a basis to promote this highly important health behavior.MethodsThis study used a qualitative, theory-based approach and combined data from two samples: experts in health promotion (n = 22) and local citizens stratified by gender and rural/urban location (n = 56). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews in Sierra Leone between November 2018 and January 2019 and analyzed using thematic analysis and typology of the qualitative data.ResultsThe conceptualization of multi-level determinants of handwashing within a socioecological model showed the high relevance of inhibiting social and structural factors for handwashing practice. By establishing seven distinguishing social identity dimensions, data demonstrates that individuals within the same social setting yet with distinct social identities experience strikingly differing degrees of power and privileges to enact handwashing. While a local leader is influential and may also change structural-level determinants, a young, rural wife experiences multiple social and structural constraints to perform handwashing with soap, even if she has high handwashing intentions.ConclusionThis study provides a holistic analytical framework for the identification of determinants on multiple levels and accumulating intersections of socially produced inequalities for handwashing and is applicable to other health topics. As the exploration of handwashing was approached from a solution-focused instead of a problem-focused perspective, the analysis can guide multi-level intervention approaches (e.g., using low-cost, participatory activities at the community level to make use of the available social capital).

Am I ‘In or Out’? A social identity approach to studying expatriates’ social networks and adjustment in a host country context

Utilizing the Social Identity Theory, this study compares the adjustment process of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) and organizational assigned expatriates (OEs). It explores the effectiveness of organizational training programs for expatriates and the role of host country nationals (HCNs) in the expatriate adjustment process. It further investigates how group membership at work influences the work-related outcomes related to expatriates’ personal, social and relational social identity dimensions. By interviewing key informants from three multinational enterprises (MNEs) in China, this study finds that traditional cross-cultural training practices are redundant as expatriates on various staffing patterns have a different understanding of local cultural and social values. We contribute by providing evidence of how the motivation for undertaking an assignment varies between SIEs (who view this role as a stepping-stone to find a better position in another organization) and OEs (who view this transfer as a key opportunity for promotion, within their current organization). Our findings also suggest that despite SIEs belief that they were in-group members of networks, HCNs do not distinguish between OEs and SIEs, and treated both groups as members of the out-group. We present the theoretical and practical implications of this study and provide future research directions in the paper.

Psychopathy, criminal social identity, and criminal network among murderers, attempted murderers, recidivists and first-time incarcerated juveniles from Pakistan

Background: The purpose of the current study was to examine the differences in primary and secondary psychopathy scores, criminal social identity dimensions (cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties), and criminal network between four groups of juvenile offenders: murderers, attempted murderers, recidivistic nonhomicidal offenders, and firsttime nonhomicidal offenders. Participants and procedure: Self-reported data were collected among 725 male youth offenders (Mage = 16.47 years) incarcerated in four prisons in Pakistan. Results: The results revealed no significant differences in scores between the four groups of youth offenders on any of the measured variables. Conclusions: It appears that psychosocial selfreported measures may not be effective in discriminating among youth prison populations.

A Networked Infrastructure of Cultural Equity? Social Identities in the Missions of Local Arts Agencies

Increasing attention to cultural equity in the arts focuses on the power of the arts to address social inequity. Many also recognize that arts organizations must attend to these issues in their organizational practices in order to promote equity and disrupt historic power structures. Local Arts Agencies’ (LAAs) structural position as key regranters of federal and local funds makes them a key site of inquiry into the sector’s approach to cultural equity. This research asks: How is attention to individual social identity dimensions of cultural equity patterned in mission statements of LAAs? Of the 55 LAAs analyzed, 26 have a mission statement that includes attention to cultural equity, and of these, 17 list specific social identity groups to which they attend. Empirically, the article presents network visualizations and tabled co-occurrences of social identities toward the goal of understanding the clustering of social identity in the missions of LAAs. This study contributes to understanding how LAAs are considering identity-specific dimensions of equity in the missions of their organizations, trends in the patterning of these priorities, and identify the structural underpinnings of cultural equity in institutional priorities among LAAs in the United States.

The study of relationship between social identity dimensions and the individual differentiation

The study of relationship between social identity dimensions and the individual differentiation

Profiles of Adolescent Identity at the Intersection of Ethnic/Racial Identity, American Identity, and Subjective Social Status.

Ethnic/racial minority adolescents face the task of forming an identity in relation to their ethnic/racial group as well as to American society, while also developing awareness of their social status relative to salient social groups. Whereas previous studies have investigated individual social identity dimensions or examined how objective measures of ethnicity/race and socioeconomic status intersect, studies that take a holistic and person-centered approach to considering various configurations of multiple social identities with subjective measures have been less common. The current study addresses these gaps and explores profiles of ethnic/racial identity, American identity, and subjective social status among ethnic/racial minority adolescents. Next, differences in discrimination experiences, mental health and academic outcomes across these profiles were examined. Three distinct identity profiles emerged from the data – “weakly identified,” “high ethnic/racial identity moderate American identity,” and “moderate ethnic/racial identity and American identity.” The “weakly identified” demonstrated the highest levels of past discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms, while the “moderate ethnic/racial identity and American identity” group reported the lowest levels of school engagement. Interpretation of the profiles and associated outcomes and implications are discussed.

Social identity in the energy transition: an analysis of the “Stop Adani Convoy” to explore social-political conflict in Australia

Australia is undergoing an energy transition, largely spurred by efforts toward decarbonisation prompted by climate change. The energy transition, though, is socially and politically complex, particularly where the transition is felt most viscerally such as in resource-dependent regional communities. In this paper, I explore the social-political dimension of the energy transition in Australia by analysing a specific episode of social-political conflict: a multi-week, moving protest against a large thermal coal mine currently planned for development in Queensland, Australia, Adani Mining's Carmichael Coal Mine. The contestation was related to an ‘Anti-Adani Convoy’ that travelled from the southern-most state of Australia, Tasmania, to the regional Queensland community, Clermont, nearest the proposed mine site in mid-2019. The analysis is grounded in the social psychology tradition of the Social Identity Approach, and applies a model for exploring how social context makes salient certain identities and norms (the Situated Identity Enactment model). Social identity dimensions are explored via qualitative coding of online news media reporting on the Convoy, and from this analysis identity-based insights are drawn regarding the social-political dynamics of the energy transition in Australia. The Convoy experience indicates that regional communities are unlikely to be convinced about the need for the energy transition––or decarbonisation specifically and climate action more broadly––by advocates from afar who adopt tactics that appear as a threat to one group from another group. Instead, the energy transition will be best served by place-based, bottom-up initiatives that are congruent with local identity, values, preferences, and priorities.